مروری بر کاتالیست‌های فرآیند شکست کاتالیستی نفتا به‌منظور تولید اولفین‌های سبک

نوع مقاله : ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد شیمی کاتالیست، دانشکده شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

2 دکتری، استاد تمام شیمی معدنی، دانشکده شیمی و نفت، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران

3 دکتری، استادیار مهندسی شیمی، پژوهشکده توسعه فناوری‌های کاتالیست، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران

4 دکتری، مهندسی شیمی، پژوهشکده توسعه فناوری‌های کاتالیست، پژوهشگاه صنعت نفت، تهران، ایران

چکیده

اولفین‌های سبک مانند اتیلن و پروپیلن جزء پایه‌های اصلی صنعت پتروشیمی به شمار می‌روند. این مواد در صنایع مختلف مانند تولید رزین، پلی‌اتیلن، پلی‌پروپیلن، اتیلن اکسید، الیاف و سایر مواد شیمیایی مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد. توسعه روزافزون صنایع پتروشیمی که از این مواد به‌عنوان خوراک اولیه استفاده می‌کنند باعث شده است تا میزان تقاضا برای آن‌ها در سال‌های اخیر به‌سرعت افزایش یابد. شکست کاتالیستی با مصرف انرژی پایین‌تر و انتشار کم‌تر گازهای گلخانه‌ای می‌تواند راهی مؤثر برای جایگزینی روش شکست حرارتی با بخارآب به‌منظور تولید اولفین‌های سبک باشد. در این مقاله به بررسی و مقایسه کاتالیست­هایی با عملکرد بالا در فرآیند شکست کاتالیستی نفتا به‌منظور تولید اولفین­های سبک پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of Light Olefins Production Catalysts via Naphtha Catalytic Cracking Olefins

نویسندگان [English]

  • maryam ghazi moradi 1
  • Nasser Safari 2
  • Saeed Soltanali 3
  • Hamid Ghassabzadeh 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
2 PhD, Professor, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
3 PhD, Assistant Professor, Catalyst Technology Development Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran
4 PhD, Catalyst Technologies Development Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran
چکیده [English]

Light olefins such as ethylene and propylene are the main foundations of the petrochemical industry. These materials are used in various industries such as the production of resin, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene oxide, fibers and other chemicals. The use of these materials as feedstock has led to a rapid increase in demand for them in recent years. Catalytic Cracking due to lower energy consumption and less emission of greenhouse gases can be a somewhat effective way to replace the method. Thermal cracking with vapor to produce olefins. In this paper, high performance catalysts in the naphtha catalytic cracking process to produce light olefins are investigated and compared.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Light Olefins
  • ZSM-5 Zeolite
  • Naphtha
  • Catalytic Cracking
[1] J. A. Brydson, Plastics materials. Elsevier, 1999.
[2] M. R. Sakha, S. Soltanali, D. Salari, M. Rashidzadeh, and P. H. Tabrizi, “Synergistic effect of micro-meso-macroporous system and structural Al amount of ZSM-5 for intensification of light olefins production in n-hexane cracking,” J. Solid State Chem., vol. 301, pp. 122342, 2021.
[3]        M. Monai, M. Gambino, S. Wannakao, and B. M. Weckhuysen, “Propane to olefins tandem catalysis: a selective route towards light olefins production,” Chem. Soc. Rev., 2021.
[4] Y. Yoshimura et al., “Catalytic cracking of naphtha to light olefins,” Catal. Surv. from Japan, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 157–167, 2001.
[5]        H. Abrevaya, “Cracking of naphtha range alkanes and naphthenes over zeolites,” in Studies in surface science and catalysis, vol. 170, Elsevier, pp. 1244–1251, 2007.
[6] B. Siddiqui, A. M. Aitani, M. R. Saeed, and S. Al-Khattaf, “Enhancing the production of light olefins by catalytic cracking of FCC naphtha over mesoporous ZSM-5 catalyst,” Top. Catal., vol. 53, no. 19, pp. 1387–1393, 2010.
[7]        S. Soltanali, R. Halladj, A. Rashidi, and M. Bazmi, “Mixed templates application in ZSM-5 nanoparticles synthesis: effect on the size, crystallinity, and surface area,” Adv. Powder Technol., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1767–1771, 2014.
[8]        R. Taj, E. Pervaiz, and A. Hussain, “Synthesis and catalytic activity of IM-5 zeolite as naphtha cracking catalyst for light olefins: a review,” J Chem Soc Pak, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 305–316, 2020.
[9]        R. Sadeghbeigi, Fluid catalytic cracking handbook: An expert guide to the practical operation, design, and optimization of FCC units. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2020.
[10] F. C. Jentoft and B. C. Gates, “Solid-acid-catalyzed alkane cracking mechanisms: evidence from reactions of small probe molecules,” Top. Catal., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 1997.
[11] J.-H. Kim, A. Ishida, M. Okajima, and M. Niwa, “Modification of HZSM-5 by CVD of various silicon compounds and generation of para-selectivity,” J. Catal., vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 387–392, 1996.
[12] R. K. Dubey et al., “Role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in sustainable agriculture and environmental remediation,” Adv. PGPR Res., pp. 75–124, 2017.
[13] G. C. Smith, “Catalytic Cracking of n-Alkanes and n-Alkylbenzenes over H-ZSM-5 Zeolite.” Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993.
[14] J. S. Buchanan, J. G. Santiesteban, and W. O. Haag, “Mechanistic considerations in acid-catalyzed cracking of olefins,” J. Catal., vol. 158, no. 1, pp. 279–287, 1996.
[15] H. Krannila, W. O. Haag, and B. C. Gates, “Monomolecular and bimolecular mechanisms of paraffin cracking: n-butane cracking catalyzed by HZSM-5,” J. Catal., vol. 135, no. 1, pp. 115–124, 1992.
[16] A. Ahmad, S. R. Naqvi, M. Rafique, H. Nasir, and A. Sarosh, “Synthesis, characterization and catalytic testing of MCM-22 derived catalysts for n-hexane cracking,” Sci. Rep., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2020.
[17] E. T. C. Vogt and B. M. Weckhuysen, “Fluid catalytic cracking: recent developments on the grand old lady of zeolite catalysis,” Chem. Soc. Rev., vol. 44, no. 20, pp. 7342–7370, 2015.
[18] T. F. Degnan, G. K. Chitnis, and P. H. Schipper, “History of ZSM-5 fluid catalytic cracking additive development at Mobil,” Microporous Mesoporous Mater., vol. 35, pp. 245–252, 2000.
[19] G. A. Somorjai and Y. Li, Introduction to surface chemistry and catalysis. John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
[20] A. A. Lappas, C. S. Triantafillidis, Z. A. Tsagrasouli, V. A. Tsiatouras, I. A. Vasalos, and N. P. Evmiridis, “Development of new ZSM-5 catalyst-additives in the fluid catalytic cracking process for the maximization of gaseous alkenes yield,” in Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 142, Elsevier, 2002, pp. 807–814.
[21] J. M. Arandes, I. Torre, M. J. Azkoiti, J. Erena, M. Olazar, and J. Bilbao, “HZSM-5 zeolite as catalyst additive for residue cracking under FCC conditions,” Energy & fuels, vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 4215–4223, 2009.
[22] R. H. Harding, A. W. Peters, and J. R. D. Nee, “New developments in FCC catalyst technology,” Appl. Catal. A Gen., vol. 221, no. 1–2, pp. 389–396, 2001.
[23] I. Torre, J. M. Arandes, M. J. Azkoiti, M. Olazar, and J. Bilbao, “Cracking of coker naphtha with gas− oil. Effect of HZSM-5 zeolite addition to the catalyst,” Energy & fuels, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 11–18, 2007.
[24] M. R. Sakha, S. Soltanali, D. Salari, M. Rashidzadeh, and P. Halimitabrizi, “Synergistic effect of Fe and Ga incorporation into ZSM-5 to increase propylene production in the cracking of n-hexane utilizing a microchannel reactor,” New J. Chem., vol. 45, no. 31, pp. 13833–13846, 2021.
[25] L. Zoubida and B. Hichem, “The nanostructure zeolites MFI-type ZSM5,” Nanocrystals and Nanostructures, pp. 43–62, 2018.
[26] J. S. Jung, T. J. Kim, and G. Seo, “Catalytic cracking of n-octane over zeolites with different pore structures and acidities,” Korean J. Chem. Eng., vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 777–781, 2004.
[27] S. Altwasser, C. Welker, Y. Traa, and J. Weitkamp, “Catalytic cracking of n-octane on small-pore zeolites", Microporous mesoporous Mater., vol. 83, no. 1–3, pp. 345–356, 2005.
[28] S. M. Al Wahabi, Conversion of methanol to light olefins on SAPO-34 kinetic modeling and reactor design. Texas A&M University, 2003.
[29] M. Kim, H.-J. Chae, T.-W. Kim, K.-E. Jeong, C.-U. Kim, and S.-Y. Jeong, “Attrition resistance and catalytic performance of spray-dried SAPO-34 catalyst for MTO process: Effect of catalyst phase and acidic solution,” J. Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 621–627, 2011.
[30] K. Y. Lee, H.-J. Chae, S.-Y. Jeong, and G. Seo, “Effect of crystallite size of SAPO-34 catalysts on their induction period and deactivation in methanol-to-olefin reactions,” Appl. Catal. A Gen., vol. 369, no. 1–2, pp. 60–66, 2009.
[31] D. Yuan et al., “Assembly of Sub‐Crystals on the Macroscale and Construction of Composite Building Units on the Microscale for SAPO‐34,” Chem. Asian J., vol. 13, no. 20, pp. 3063–3072, 2018.
[32] A. Z. Varzaneh, J. Towfighi, and A. Mohamadalizadeh, “Comparative study of naphtha cracking over SAPO-34 and HZSM-5: Effects of cerium and zirconium on the catalytic performance,” J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, vol. 107, pp. 165–173, 2014.
[33] J. Pastvova et al., “Effect of enhanced accessibility of acid sites in micromesoporous mordenite zeolites on hydroisomerization of n-hexane,” Acs Catal., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 5781–5795, 2017.
[34] B. W. Burbidge, I. M. Keen, and M. K. Eyles, “Physical and catalytic properties of the zeolite mordenite,” ACS Publications, 1971.
[35] A. Corma et al., “Determination of the pore topology of zeolite IM-5 by means of catalytic test reactions and hydrocarbon adsorption measurements,” J. Catal., vol. 189, no. 2, pp. 382–394, 2000.
[36] M. H. M. Ahmed et al., “Stability assessment of regenerated hierarchical ZSM-48 zeolite designed by post-synthesis treatment for catalytic cracking of light naphtha,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 14097–14103, 2017.