نشریه علمی فرآیند نو

نشریه علمی فرآیند نو

نقش نمک‌های پایدار حرارتی بر فرآیند حذف گازهای اسیدی و روش‌ها و چالش‌های حذف آن‌ها از محلول‌های آلکانول‌آمین

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه پژوهشی فناوری غشای پایدار (SMTRG)، پژوهشکده مهندسی نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران
2 دانشیار مهندسی شیمی، گروه پژوهشی فناوری غشای پایدار (SMTRG)، پژوهشکده مهندسی نفت، گاز و پتروشیمی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس، بوشهر، ایران
چکیده
فرآیند جذب گازهای اسیدی با استفاده از آلکانول‌آمین‌ها یکی از روش‌های کلیدی در صنایع نفت و گاز محسوب می‌شود. با این حال، حضور نمک‌های پایدار حرارتی (HSS) در اثر واکنش آمین‌ها با ترکیبات اسیدی قوی، منجر به مشکلاتی نظیر کاهش ظرفیت جذب گازهای اسیدی، افزایش ویسکوزیته محلول، کف‌زایی، خوردگی و در نهایت کاهش راندمان عملیات می‌شود. این مطالعه به بررسی سازوکار تشکیل، ساختار شیمیایی و روش‌های حذف HSS از محلول‌های آمین می‌پردازد. بر اساس ارزیابی و تحلیل مقایسه‌ای راهکار‌های مختلف، روش‌های مبتنی بر تبادل یون به‌دلیل بهره‌وری بالا و حفظ کیفیت آمین، مؤثرترین راهکارهای تصفیه شناخته شدند. در مقابل، روش‌هایی نظیر خنثی‌سازی شیمیایی و جذب سطحی با راندمان حذف کمتر از %‌۵۰ کارایی محدودتری از خود نشان دادند. سایر روش‌ها مانند الکترودیالیز، الکترومغناطیسی و نانوفیلتراسیون نیز با وجود بازده حذف بالا (%70-90%) و عدم نیاز به مواد شیمیایی، به دلیل هزینه‌های عملیاتی و چالش‌هایی مانند گرفتگی غشا، بیشتر در کاربردهای انتخابی و به عنوان روش‌های مکمل قابل توجیه هستند. این پژوهش می‌تواند راهنمایی جامع برای بهینه‌سازی فرآیندهای جذب گازهای اسیدی در پالایشگاه‌ها و صنایع پتروشیمی بوده و بستری برای تحقیقات آینده در توسعه فناوری‌های نوین تصفیه محلول‌های آمین فراهم کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Impact of Heat Stable Salts on the Acid Gas Removal Process and the Methods and Challenges of Their Elimination from Alkanolamine Solutions

نویسندگان English

S. Hossein Mousavi 1
seyed Abdollatif Hashemifard 2
Mohsen Abbasi 2
1 Sustainable Membrane Technology Research Group (SMTRG), Water research institute (WRI), Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering (FPGPE), Persian Gulf University,
2 Department of chemical Eng., Persian Gulf universitySustainable Membrane Technology Research Group (SMTRG), Water research institute (WRI), Faculty of Petroleum, Gas and Petrochemical Engineering (FPGPE), Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
چکیده English

The absorption of acid gases using alkanolamines is considered a key method in the oil and gas industry. However, the presence of heat stable salts (HSS), formed by the reaction of amines with strong acidic compounds, leads to several operational challenges, including reduced acid gas absorption capacity, increased solution viscosity, foaming, corrosion, and ultimately, decreased process efficiency. This study investigates the formation mechanisms, chemical structures, and removal methods of HSS from amine solutions. Based on the evaluation and comparative analysis of various solutions, ion-exchange-based methods were identified as the most effective purification strategies due to their high efficiency and ability to preserve amine quality. In contrast, methods such as chemical neutralization and adsorption exhibited limited effectiveness, with removal efficiencies below 50%. Other techniques such as electrodialysis, electrosorption, and nanofiltration, despite achieving high removal efficiencies (70–90%) and requiring no chemical additives, are mainly justifiable as complementary or selective approaches due to operational costs and challenges such as membrane fouling. This research provides a comprehensive guide for optimizing acid gas absorption processes in refineries and petrochemical industries, and establishes a foundation for future studies on the development of advanced technologies for amine solution purification.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Heat Stable Salts (HSS)
Acid Gas Removal
Alkanolamine Degradation
Foaming
Electrodialysis
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