روش‌های صنعتی پاک‌سازی رسوبات نفتی (اسلج) از مخازن ذخیره نفت خام و فراورده‌ها

نوع مقاله : ترویجی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه پژوهشی طراحی فرایندهای شیمیایی، جهاددانشگاهی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

این مقاله با هدف بررسی روش‌های پاک‌سازی صنعتی تانک‌های ذخیره نفت خام درجهان و شناسایی کارآمدترین، ایمن‌ترین، اقتصادی‌ترین نگارش شده است. مقدمتاً انواع روش‌های موجود برای پاک‌سازی رسوبات نفتی و بازیافت نفت به همراه مزایا و معایب بیان و سپس سه روش پرکاربرد یعنی روش دستی، روش اتوماتیک و روش رباتیک ازلحاظ کارآمدی، ایمنی، اثرات زیست‌محیطی و هزینه روش، مورد بحث و تجزیه‌ و تحلیل قرار می‌گیرد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که سیستم تمیزکاری اتوماتیک با پمپ‌های قوی سریع‌ترین سیستم تمیز کردن است، درحالی‌که روش رباتیک جایی که حضور افراد در داخل مخزن در هر مرحله لازم نیست، امن‌ترین سیستم است. از نظر هزینه‌های پاک‌سازی و تأثیرات زیست‌محیطی، سیستم‌های اتوماتیک و رباتیک ممکن است نسبت به روش دستی گران‌تر باشند اما به دلیل بسته بودن چرخه پاک‌سازی، توانایی بازیابی تا 95 درصد نفت از لجن، درآمدزایی حاصل از فروش مواد بازیافت شده، مقرون‌به‌صرفه ترین و سازگارترین با محیط‌زیست است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Industrial cleaning methods of oil sediments (sludge) from crude oil and products storage tanks

نویسنده [English]

  • masoumeh hassanzadeh
ACECR- University of Tehran, Chemical process design research group, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

This article is written with the aim of investigating the industrial cleaning methods of crude oil and products storage tanks and identifying the most efficient, safe and economical ones. For this perpose, the types of cleaning and recycling methods for oil sludge describe along with their advantages and disadvantages, then three widely used manual, automatic, and robotic methods discusse. The results show that the automatic cleaning system with powerful pumps is the fastest cleaning system, while the robotic method, where the presence of people inside the tank is not required at every stage, is the safest system. In terms of cleaning costs and environmental impact, automatic and robotic systems may be more expensive than manual methods, but due to the closed cleaning cycle, the ability to recover up to 95% of the sludge, income from the sale of recycle materials, they are the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Oil Deposits
  • Oil Storage Tanks
  • Industrial Cleaning Methods
  • Sludge

مراجع

[1] رنجکش ع.، همکاران، "بازیافت لجن‌های نفتی راهکاری به‌منظور حفاظت از محیط‌زیست"، ششمین همایش ملی و نمایشگاه تخصصی مهندسی محیط‌زیست، تهران، 1391.
[2] نوری م.، ۱۳۹۴، "بیوسورفکتانت روشی نوین در لجن زدایی از مخازن نفتی"، پنجمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی رویکردهای نوین در نگهداشت انرژی ، تهران.
 [3] Guangji Hu, Jianbing Li, Guangming Zeng, “Recent development in the treatment of oily sludge from petroleum industry: A review”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 261, pp. 470– 490, 2013.
[4] Chun Hwa See, Wasan Saphanuchart, Ming Hoong Looi, Yang Loong Chong, “Method of removing oil sludge and recovering oil from oil sludge with nanoemulsion surfactant system”, US Patent 20150068950, 2015.
[5]Al-Futaisi, A.; Jamrah, A.; Yaghi, B.; Taha, R., “Assessment of alternative management techniques of tank bottom petroleum sludge in Oman”, J. Hazard. Mater. 141, pp. 557–564, 2007.
[6] Heidarzadeh, N.; Gitipour, S.; Abdoli, M.A. “Characterization of oily sludge from a Tehran oil refinery”, Waste Manag. Res. 28, pp. 921–927, 2010.
[7] Mansur, A., “Recovery and Characterization of Oil from Waste Crude Oil Tank Bottom Sludge from Azzawiya Oil Refinery in Libya”, J. Adv. Chem. Eng, 5, 05, 2015.
[8] NuovaSaimar Storage Tank Cleaning-Traditional Tank Cleaning Method. Available online: https://www.nuovasaimar.it/en/our-services/tank-cleaning/ (accessed on 4 March 2020).
[9]TRADEBE TRADITIONAL TANK CLEANING. Available online: https://www.tradebeindustrialservices.com/traditional-tank-cleaning (accessed on 3 March 2020).
[10] Chrysalidis, A.; Kyzas, Gz., “Applied Cleaning Methods of Oil Residues from Industrial Tanks, processes”, 8, 569, 2020.
[11] Guangji Hu, Jianbing Li, Guangming Zeng, “Recent development in the treatment of oily sludge from petroleum industry: A review”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 261, pp. 470– 490, 2013.
[12] J. Liu, X. Jiang, L. Zhou, X. Han, Z. Cui., “Pyrolysis treatment of oil sludge and model-free kinetics analysis”, J. Hazard. Mater., vol. 161, pp. 1208–1215, 2009.
[13] Chang C.Y, Shie J.L., Lin J.P., Wu C.H., Lee D.J., Chang C.F., “Major products obtained from the pyrolysis of oil sludge”, Energ. Fuel, vol. 14, pp. 1176–1183, 2000.
[14] Karayildirim T., Yanik J., Yuksel M., Bockhorn H., “Characterisation of products from pyrolysis of waste sludge”, Fuel, vol. 85, pp. 1498–1508, 2006.
[15] Fang C.S., P. Lai M.C., “Microwave heating and separation of water-in-oil emulsion, J. Microw. Power Electrom”, Energy, vol. 30, pp. 46–57, 1995.
[16] Ramaswamy D., Kar D.D., De S., “A study on recovery of oil from sludge containing oil using froth flotation”, J. Environ. Manage., vol. 85, pp. 150–154, 2007.
[17] Yang L., Nakhla G., Bassi A., “Electro-kinetic dewatering of oily sludges”, J. Haz-ard. Mater. 125, pp. 130–140, 2005.
[18] Li J., Song X., Hu G., Thring R.W., “Ultrasonic de-sorption of petroleum hydro-carbons from crude oil contaminated soils”, J. Environ. Sci. Health A; 48(11), pp. 1378-89, 2013.
[19] Zadson d. Franco, Carlos N. Khalil, Oswaldo d. Pereira, Jr., “Process for the thermo-chemical cleaning of storage tanks”, US Patent 5580391, 1996.
[20] Nelson O. Rocha (Petrobras), Carlos N. Khalil (Petrobras), Lúcia F. Leite (Petrobras), Andre M. Goja(Petrobras)., “Thermochemical process to remove sludge from storage tanks, SPE Projects, Facilities & Construction”, Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2009.
[21] ابراهیمی ف.، "استفاده از نانوبیوسورفکتانت جهت کاهش ویسکوزیته لجن نفتی"، پایان‌نامه ارشد، دانشگاه تهران، ۱۳۹۱.
[22] Al-Dousary, S.; Dharan, G.P.T., “Implementation of Non-Man Entry Technology—An Automated Technology for De-sludging & Cleaning of Tanks”, In SPE Kuwait Oil and Gas Show and Conference; Society of Petroleum Engineers: Mishref, Kuwait, p. 9, 2015.
[23] Oreco Tank Cleaning Process and Services. Available online: https://www.oreco.com/solutions/crude-oiltank-cleaning/the-tank-cleaning-process/ (accessed on 3 March 2020).
[24] SlideShare Blabo Process. Available online: https://www.slideshare.net/Oreco/blabo-process (accessed on 3 March 2020).
[25] Oreco Customer Cases. Available online: https://www.oreco.com/references/customer-cases/ (accessed on 4 March 2020).
[26] Group, A.T.K. Equipment Set for the Remotely-Controlled Removal of Sludge from Oil Tanks. Available online: https://www.adroctech.com/ (accessed on 14 March 2020).
[27] MARTin, MARTin-Innovative solution for no-man entry cleaning of tanks. Available online:https://www.mirrico.ru/en/services-products/products/robotic-method-of-stripping-petrochemical-equipmen (accessed on 14 March 2020).
[28] Tech, M.O. Martin: Innovative Robotic. Unit for Cleaning Oil Tanks. Available online: https://martinoil.tech/(accessed on 14 March 2020).
[29] MIRRICO Comparative Calculation of the Economic Eciency of Manual and Robotic Methods for Cleaning Oil Tanks. Available online: https://www.mirrico.ru/en/services-products/products/robotic-method-ofstripping-oil-field-equipment-fr/#calc (accessed on 20 March 2020).
[30] ORECO Changing from Manual to Automated Tank Cleaning Saved Time and Money. Available online:https://www.oreco.com/media/1093/cases-fawley-uk.pdf (accessed on 29 March 2020).
[31] StockExpo MARTIN—Mobile Robotic Tank Cleaning Solution. Available online: https://www.stocexpo.com/en/products/martin-mobile-robotic-tank-cleaning-solution/ (accessed on 19 March 2020).

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار